The Body And Emotions Of Pregnant Women Essay - 1760 Words

The Issue Every minute hundreds of babies are born into this world (Sharma Branscum, 2015). In the amount of time that it took to read these two sentences, at least one, if not two, children took their first breath. These lives and their immensity indicate the magnitude and importance that pregnancy carries. All mothers experience pregnancy differently, but all of them can attest to the stressors (and joys) that this time of life holds. The body and emotions of pregnant women are continuously changing as they adapt to the growing fetus and their changing lifestyle. In attempt to combat the difficulty of these adjustments, pregnant women are advised to exercise. Physical activities, safe for pregnancy, are proven to be beneficial, but stay on the superficial level of purely physical exercise. However, more recent research and studies are indicating that yoga may be a superior alternative, or addition, which can diminish many of the physical and emotional symptoms associated with pregnancy. What is Yoga? The practice of yoga is valuable in the lives of many people worldwide. The word yoga comes from the Sanskrit word meaning â€Å"union† (Sharma Branscum, 2015). This practice supports many dimensions of psychological well-being, including stress, anxiety, depression, other psychopathologies and everyday health challenges. Yoga has many meanings and definitions, but it most commonly refers to a practice which includes breath control, simple meditation and the use ofShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Costs The United States1577 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least $7 billion annually. Family First Aid has stated that â€Å"thirty-four percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20 — about 820,000 a year. Eight in ten of these teen pregnancies are unintended and 79 percent are to unmarried teens.† You may ask why so many teens are pregnant. It may be because they haven’t been receiving enough sexual education or making an â€Å"adult decision† in an immature situation. The firstRead More`` What I Saw At The Abortion ``875 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween pro-life or pro-choice. From here he methodically gives us information about the procedure and also his thoughts and emotions during the process. In the beginning and prior to the procedure Selzer’s emotions about abortion was seen as a typical day on the job and as a surgeon Selzer is used to seeing what some people might find as revolting, yet later Selzer’s emotions of the procedure seem to horrify and disturb him. 　　　　In our society, abortion has been a controversial topic that has ledRead MoreRelationship Between Mother And The Womb946 Words   |  4 Pagesbaby healthy meant maintaining positive and stress-free emotions? Studies and research by scientists suggest that increased and prolonged stress and anxiety can not only affect the development of the fetus, but the life of the baby after it has been born. It is true that not everything can be passed from the mother through the placenta to the baby. Pure psychological functioning cannot affect the baby. It is only when these psychological emotions turn into physiological effects can it be translatedRead MoreChinese Culture : Pregnancy And Childbirth1438 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Chinese Culture: Pregnancy and Childbirth Communication Chinese value silence and avoid disagreeing. The purpose of avoidance is to lessen conflict and maintain a peaceful environment. When assessing a pregnant Chinese woman, it is important to understand this idea of silence. The Chinese woman may remain silent during an exam and while the nurse is educating. Although the woman is not verbalizing her understanding, she most likely does. It is important to gauge how the woman demonstratesRead MoreThe Job Of Her Dreams1716 Words   |  7 Pagescreative as she once was, and doesn’t understand the dull distant sorrowing she feels despite her accomplishments. Karen had an abortion in college. She thought she had a serious committed relationship with her boyfriend, but when she told him she was pregnant he was definitely less than happy about it. He told her the decision was up to her, but if she wanted an abortion, he would pay for it. She sensed his lack of commitment to her and his baby and decided on abortion. Two of her roommates had abortionsRead MorePrenatal and Postpartum Scenario669 Words   |  3 PagesPostpartum Scenario Vee Dubb PSY/280 August 12, 2012 Adams James Memo To: Pregnant and Postpartum Women From: Developmental Psychologist Subject: Prenatal and Postpartum Activities Date: November 8th, 2012 Most pregnant woman imagine how their developing fetus looks like, what the developing fetus is doing at a particular point, and aspire to deliver a healthy baby. Most important, many prenatal and postpartum women are eager to know what she can do to help deliver a healthy baby and how toRead MoreAbortion : A Pro Choice1125 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial topics across america. The biggest reason for this is that people override their logical reasoning with their emotions on a regular basis. If a person can surpass their emotions or can remove them from the conversation, the more logical choice becomes so obviously clear. Pro-Choice is the fair choice to all women in America and across the world, considering it is their body and what they choose to do with it is completely up to them. I am of the Pro-Life opinion, but for the purpose of thisRead MoreIs Abortion Really A Problem?1444 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day women throughout the United States, and the world as a whole, dis cover that they are pregnant. Nearly half of these women’s pregnancies are unintended. When they find out that they are pregnant they have three options: continue through the pregnancy and keep the baby, continue with the pregnancy and then put him or her up for adoption or abort the pregnancy. Unfortunately, many choose to abort the baby due to many different factors such as financial issues, one-night stands, young ageRead More Abortion: A Growing Concern Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion The issue of abortion causes discussions about human interactions where ethics, emotions and law come together. There are many reasons why women decide to have abortions. Whatever the reasons a woman decides to have an abortion, it seems only justified that she should be able to make decisions in regards to her life and body. The decisions that she makes will be beneficial to both the woman and the foetus because it will prevent many problems from occurring in the future. If a woman wereRead MoreThe Interview I Had With Mrs. Kaley909 Words   |  4 Pagestell of the events that took place at a postpartum wellness check visit, in which this pregnancy was confirmed. I will also report on the various interview topics that were discussed with Kaley; which are nutrition and activity during pregnancy, emotions and stress, and recent trends in educating about pregnancy. In my summary I will include two relevant nursing diagnosis’ that will can be utilized for Kaley’ perinata l care during her current pregnancy. General Health History Kaley is 30 years of

William Shakespeare s Othello And Hamlet - 1721 Words

Keana Cowden ENGL3563-100: Shakespeare Katherine Eggart 16 November 2015 Insert Title here An Elizabethan woman can be characterized as one that is submissive and subservient to men. William Shakespeare utilizes this type of woman when he wishes to show his audience the cruel nature of men. In both of his tragedies, Othello and Hamlet, Shakespeare presents cruelty in the form of male domination, where most of the time, the women are undeserving of ramifications such as death. When a woman in a Shakespearian play breaks the stereotype of the Elizabethan woman, as Olivia does in Twelfth Night and Gertrude does in Hamlet, she is deemed cruel, when in actuality, she has done nothing to deserve that title. This shows that regardless of whether or not a woman is submissive, she suffers the consequences of being victimized by the cruelty of her male counterpart, simply because of a mans â€Å"ego†. By the â€Å"ego†, I mean the culture and upbringing of Elizabethan men that causes them to act in the irrational ways that Shakespeare suggests. These men are afraid to lose control of their women and their power, so they lash out and the women closest to them suffer. By examining Hamlet, Othello and Twelfth Night, we can see that the cruelty bestowed on to women yields a more dire consequence than deserved. Let us begin by looking at who the perpetrators of these unjust acts of rage are. First, we have Hamlet, the tortured Prince of Denmark, who’s conniving uncle ClaudiusShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 3.7: Achievement Standard 91478 Introduction Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. Through analysing four tragedy texts by Shakespeare, I have noticed he uses the fall of the main character as the primary focus in his tragedies as this creates good suspense and climax as an added attraction for the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. This is the Internal and external Conflict within the characterRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hometown Of The English Language And The World s Best Dramatist1266 Words   |  6 Pages Although many knew him as a keen businessman in his hometown of Stratford, William Shakespeare is recognized as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s best dramatist. (www.goodreads.com) He wrote hundreds of songs, plays, books, and poems. During his time, his plays were well under-appreciated and a lot of his work did not appear until seven years after his death. Without Shakespeare, the English lang uage would have never expanded at the rate it did, erasing many common wordsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet, King Lear, And A Midsummer s Night Dream1037 Words   |  5 Pagesof Avon, commonly known as William Shakespeare is one of the best known playwrights in the (Video). A few of his most famous plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream (McArthur). Although he was popular during his time, Shakespeare’s influence continued to grow after his death and today he well known around the world. He added 2,000 words to the English dictionary and he is the 2nd most quoted after the Bible (Video). Shakespeare is one of the most influentialRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Influence On The Course Of World History1440 Words   |  6 PagesWaldo Emerson, a famous essayist inspired by Shakespeare’s works. William Shakespeare was a renowned author, poet, actor, and playwright. He has contributed to many components of lif e today such as; founding modern English language, contributing to literature, contributing to modern theater, and contributing many of his works to modern English. William Shakespeare has greatly impacted the course of world history. William Shakespeare was believed to be born on April 23,1564, in his hometown of Stratford-upon-AvonRead MoreIago : The Master Manipulator1194 Words   |  5 PagesSkyler Lester ENG3UE Tipping December 12, 2015 Iago: The Master Manipulator Iago is known as one of the most well known characters in Shakespeare s Othello because of his interesting colourful dialogue, his unknown goals and motivations, and his ability to brainwash with words. It is certain that Iago has the ability to use his silver tongue to brainwash even the highest minds, but what is more important is the fact that he chooses to do this to benefit himself, and himself only. Iago is a classicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Good And Lasting Legacy822 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare left a good, lasting legacy that we see almost every day and we don t even know it s there. A legacy is something that you leave behind weather good or bad, Shakespeare s left a legacy of books and being thought as one of the greatest writers in the world. In William’s life he created many pieces of literature and words that people use everywhere today. We may not know a whole lot about William Shakespeare’s life but we can see that he was a veryRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1869 Words   |  8 Pages ABSTRACT I, with all my interest and will decided to do my term paper on one of the most controversial yet diversely analysed work of literature that is Hamlet, Prince of Denmark written by the ever greatest man in history of English literature, William Shakespeare.The aura of this play is not at all questionable. The essence it captures down throughout every single scene and dialogues is undeniably recommendable. But in spite of these the play, accordingRead MoreSummary Of The Prince During The 1500 S1622 Words   |  7 Pages sounds like a good trait to have. However, characters that are true Machiavellian’s believe that the end justifies the mean, making them the worst kind of villain. Nicolà ² Machiavelli was most famous for writing the essay The Prince during the 1500’s, which emphasized the need for stability, rather than fairness. The text was written as a guide to keeping power above all else. As Machiavelli has proved to be both repellent and enticing, the message of his essay has often been misinterpreted. TheRead MoreDoes Othello Meet The Standards Of A Tragic Hero?2171 Words   |  9 Pages2015 Does Othello Meet the Standards of a Tragic Hero? William Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest play writers who ever lived. Students throughout the United States continue to read his sonnets and plays today. His style of writing and his use of metaphors are what truly make him a great writer. Shakespeare wrote many comedies such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado about Nothing, and The Taming of the Shrew. Shakespeare also wrote many tragedies such as Macbeth, Hamlet, and RomeoRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism875 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific and artistic transformation and advancement between the Middle Ages and the early stages of the Modern age in Europe (2014). In the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism†, Humanism’s scope primarily focuses on human beings: human being s place in relations to nature, human potential, human beauty, etc. etc. etc. (2014). 2. Who were the Medici’s? The Medici family dynasty comprised of former bankers and commerce men who became powerful rulers (four members of the Medici family went on

Analyzing The House on Mango Street Free Essays

Sandra Cisneros’ â€Å"The House on the Mango Street† weaves a thought-provoking, coming-of-age tale of a young girl. She is not only struggling to grow up to become a fine lady like usual American girls, but she is faced with shame, guilt and disappointment as her family is embarking on to acquire a new home in America. As the story comes to a full circle, the readers would inevitably commiserate with how the girl dealt with the scenarios she had faced. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing The House on Mango Street or any similar topic only for you Order Now She did not only have to go through the complicated journey with her family to their new home, but she has to deal with the big disappointment that their new house is not what she hoped for. These difficulties definitely fanned some fire inside her – to become more determined and strive harder in the future. In the end, readers could predict her utter frustration why things are always tough for immigrant people like them in America. Related essay: Shame is Worth a Try Point of View, Setting and Characters Sandra Cisnero’s â€Å"The House on Mango Street† has the ability to pinch one’s heart because the narrator’s point of view belongs to a young girl. Her family has to undergo an awkward transition of looking for a permanent place to live. Readers will immediately infer that the young girl’s family has Chicano roots because the girl enumerated the members of the family in beginning her story — Papa, Mama, Carlos, Kiki and Nenny. What’s admirable about Cisnero’s conversational style of story-writing is that everyone can relate to their experiences. At one point in anyone’s life, we all can identify with the travails of going through a house transfer. Anyone’s initial reaction will be to feel excited of how our new house will look like or who our new neighbors will be. Unfortunately, for the young girl, she is bound to be betrayed by her own expectations. The setting of the story takes place in a suburb where Chicanos are living in. We can assume that this community is filled with Mexicans, Puerto Ricans or any previous residents of South American countries. These people, like all other immigrants, will always want to stay close to people who would understand them. Since this community is not the usual American neighborhood with homes that have freshly-mown lawns and white picket fences, the narrator is still hoping for the best about the house her father got them in Mango Street. For the narrator, Mango Street is more than street sign; it is her marker that circumscribes the dream that she and her family had brought with them. Her father and mother challenged themselves to cross their country of origin to United States, just to be assured of a better future. This new house will simply be one aspect of attaining their dream — to have a more comfortable life in this new place, in this new country. At the start, we can almost smell her overflowing relief of receiving the news about the new house. The narrator justifies that finally they no longer have to pay the rent, â€Å"share the yard with the people downstairs† and there won’t be anymore â€Å"landlord banging in the ceiling with a broom†. However, when she saw the house in Mango Street, she was disappointed. She becomes aware of her own subjective perceptions as she begins to differentiate her family’s wonderful dreams and society’s ugly realities. Thus, she becomes conscious of her parents’ inability to fulfill their promises of the perfect house. She thought that â€Å"They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house† (p. 223). However, the â€Å"real house† the narrator expected would be â€Å"like the houses on TV†: Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed. But the house on Mango Street is not the way she told it at all (p. 224). Anyone could just imagine the look on her face when she saw their new house. The new house is just the opposite of what she expected. This fact also corresponds to the direct opposition to the words of her parents. This contrast between expectation and reality awakens her awareness of herself as a social being and provokes her own interpretations of the significance the house holds in her life. Theme Apparently, when the narrator saw the house on Mango Street, it transformed from being a symbol of hope to become a symbol of poverty. The narrator associates this realization with the humiliation she has felt in the past, when her family lived in similar places. She recollected back in Lonnis when a nun from her school accosted her: Where do you live? she asked. There, I said, pointing up to the third floor. You live there? There. I had to look to where she pointed–the third, the paint peeling, wooden bars Papa had nailed on the windows so we wouldn’t fall out. You live there? The way she said it made me feel like nothing. There. I lived there. I nodded (p. 224). We recognize that the society has been pushing the girl to feel ashamed of living in houses her family could afford to pay for. It is such a pity how people show obvious contempt to living spaces, when they should be more concerned how a young girl would feel in seeing their negative reactions. It is inevitable that the girl will be ashamed of her entire social and subjective position. Now, the narrator in the story sees the house as a symbol of the shame that threatens her own self-perception. For her, the house on Mango Street is an emblem of the oppressive socio-economic situation that circumscribes her life and is the source of her feelings of alienation. It is this alienation that becomes a catalyst for her desire to distance herself from this house she does not to be associated with. Unfortunately, the house also becomes the narrator’s first universe. She begins here because it is the beginning of her conscious narrative reflection. She describes the house from the outside; this external depiction is an unkempt and negative description of the house that would translate to her presentation of her own self: She said â€Å"I knew then I had to have a house. A real house. One I could point to† (p. 234). By pointing to this dilapidated house, she points to herself: the house and narrator become identified as one, thereby revealing an ideological perspective of poverty and shame. Consequently, she wants to point to another house and this means she desires to point at another self. And as she longs for this other house and self, she also longs for another name. The dilemma of having this perception is that she will never have an opportunity to inhabit a special house and to fit into and find comfort. This is because her name, origins and culture will never be erased inside her. Stories of immigrants, like this, reveal the difficulties faced by the Latino population as they move in America in search of employment or to be reunited with family. Stories of women staring out of windows or having too many babies, trapped indoors because of jealous husbands, and unable to speak English, reveal both their fear of the dominant culture and the oppression of the patriarchal system in society. Tone and Style The story is light to read because it is meant to be narrated by a young girl. It is deemed that she is between 9 to 11 years old. She is doing all the narration in the story and it is her point of view that is magnified. The narrative situation is a familiar one: a sensitive young girl’s reflections about her struggle between what she is and what she would like to be. She has voiced out that she wanted a new house where they can have their own room. However, because of their financial difficulties, she is bound to swallow her pride and just accept the dilapidated new house. Although deep inside her, she refuses to give up on her dreams and the hope that someday her family will have those houses she sees on TV. The frame of Cisnero’s short paragraphs is simple but highly effective. We could easily understand the whole story that the family has been wandering from place to place, always dreaming of the Promised Land, which is represented by having their own decent house. When they finally arrive at the house on Mango Street, which is at last their own house, it is not their promised dream home at all. The parents overcome their dejection by saying that this is not the end of their moving, that it is only a temporary stop before going on to the promised house. The narrator knows better. The conflict between the promised home and the harsh reality, which she always recognized, has been replaced by a full force of rejection, violence, fear and waste. Cisneros’ presented these emotions without compromise and without dramatization. This is just the way things are on Mango Street, but the narrator will not give up her dream of the promised house and she is determined to pursue it. The lesson she must learn is that the house she seeks is, in reality, her own individuality. Conclusion Growing up in a place where you do not belong can be a depressing experience. Especially children, they will never seriously attempt to dissect their feelings and attitudes about being different to the people they see on TV and people they see around them. Thus, we all know now that Cisnero’s story is not just about dilapidated houses and â€Å"dream homes†. It could be linked to the girl’s status of growing up in America. Can she still achieve her dreams when she is living in shame and disappointment? Would her family be able to rise up from poverty? As America has transformed to become a melting pot of cultures, people have to be aware of this diversity. Cisnero’s story is just one slice of life that most immigrants in the United States have experienced. Indeed, we can learn from all these disappointments, shame and challenges we face. However, it is through understanding, knowing and respecting the diverse culture of our country that we could somehow ease the difficulties of immigrant people who have chosen to achieve their dreams here. Thus, in this story, Cisneros created a narrator, a storyteller and a mythmaker who draws upon old tales and new experiences to create the dreams of the culturally diverse neighborhoods in America. How to cite Analyzing The House on Mango Street, Essay examples

Bohol Handicrafts free essay sample

Bohol is known for its scenic panoramas and lavish resources. In conjunction, its surfacing product manufacturing industry-artisanic handicraft in particular, is earning prominence to both local and foreign patrons. Bohol handicrafts entwine both durability and class in constructing the products. Making use of the finest raw materials, Boholano manufacturers consider product quality as its main criterion.Also, Boholano’s creative concepts and adept skills created handicrafts which are distinct for their beauty and vogue. The entire item collection varies from simple elegance to striking sophistication which both exhibits enthralling charisma and style. Each item, from the smallest to the largest in the array, is explicitly designed to highlight its own unique feature. Bohol handicrafts are guaranteed to be well-made in order to meet the society’s demands and to justify its respective product genre.The tarsier souvenir items, being one of the fond memorabilia of Bohol escapade, were skillfully fabricated in order to display a close resemblance to the features and charms of the real tarsier. We will write a custom essay sample on Bohol Handicrafts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Boxes and containers; aside from being structured with sturdy frameworks, were adorned as well with stylish accents and distinctive enhancements. Decorations, made to furnish and beautify, were finely crafted and embellished to stress out its external appearance.Bags, pouches, wallets and purses, being parts of the society’s get-ups, were intricately fashioned to complement the latest trends. Further exquisite designs were daintily embedded to the structures which highly accentuated their extrinsic features. Aside from being noted for their unique flair, Bohol handicrafts are also known for its refined, superior quality. Having product durability as their paramount concern, Boholano manufacturers aim to maximize product potential to its finest.All of the artistic touches were laced to further project stylish beauty without compromising the products’ quality. Crafted by the prime Boholano artisans, utilizing only the best of resources, Bohol handicrafts ensure outstanding quality and style on all of its product collection. The entire Bohol handicraft selection was deftly honed to seamlessly signify Bohol’s rich wonders and luxuriant resources. These products exemplify as well, Boholano’s ingenuity in the field of artisanship. Bohol handicrafts- an expression of the exceptional Boholano craft.

Ffdfd Essay Example

Ffdfd Essay Tractors: MILLAT TRACTORS LIMITED Analysis of Financial Statements Financial Year 2004 Financial Year 2010 July 27, 2011 RECORDER REPORT 0 Comments Millat Tractors Limited (MTL) was established in 1964 to introduce and market Massey Ferguson (MF) Tractors in Pakistan. An assembly plant was set up in 1967 to assemble tractors in semi-knocked down (SKD) condition. The company was nationalized under Economic Reforms Order in 1972 and started assembling and marketing tractors on behalf of Pakistan Tractor Corporation (PTC), which was formed by the Government for import of tractors in SKD condition. In 1980, the Government decided to produce indigenous tractors and entrusted this task to PTC. In 1981, the MTL took over this task. This was the turning point in the companys history and it went about the task methodically and rapidly. Just in one years time, the company took a giant step towards self-reliance by setting up the first engine assembly plant in Pakistan. The MTL made a strategic decision right in the beginning to bring those manufacturing facilities in-house for which capabilities did not exist in the country and for parts, which required high precision and investment. Therefore, in 1984, sophisticated manufacturing facilities for the machining of intricate components were set up. Currently, critical components like engine blocks, sump, transmission case, axle housing, hydraulic lift cover, front axle support and centre housing are all being machined most successfully in-house at MTL from local sourced castings. In 1992, the company was privatised. The employees joined hands and took over the management by winning an open bid. To maintain its leadership role in tractor manufacturing in the country, the MTL continues to look towards future, to identify and exploit new opportunities and to consolidate existing ones. The Tractor Assembly Plant is part of this philosophy. The plant started its production in 1992. The establishment of this modern plant not only increased production capacity to 16,000 tractors per year on a single shift basis, but also provided a quantum jump to the quality of the assembled tractors and pushed the MTL into the ranks of the major tractor manufacturing companies of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Ffdfd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ffdfd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ffdfd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1993, MTL also acquired the management control of Bolan Castings Limited (a Public Limited Company specializing in intricate automotive castings) in partnership with employees of the company, in 1993. The company established a new company named Millat Industrial Products (Pvt) Limited to manufacture quality automotive batteries, thus enabling the Millat Group to capture the efficiencies associated with vertical integration. In addition, the Millat Group comprises of Bolan Castings Ltd. , which produces thin walled castings such as engine block, cylinder head, centre housing etc. Also, Millat Equipment Ltd. produces gears and shafts of international standard for tractors. However, these subsidiaries contributed 1. 18% to MTLs consolidated net sales and 8. 15% to consolidated profit after taxation in FY10 (1. 14% and 6. 50% respectively in FY09). Due to low contribution to consolidated MTL performance, the financial analysis in this report is based on MTLs standalone tractor operations. Recent results (1Q11) The company achieved a sales volume of 29,718 Tractors in these nine months as against 28,939 tractors for the corresponding period of last year, showing an increase of 2. %. During current period, 30,638 Tractors were produced as compared to 29,865 tractors for corresponding period last year, showing an increase of 2. 6%. distribution and marketing expenses actually declined to Rs 431 million as compared to Rs 500 million, while the administrative expenses increased. Operating profit was slightly higher at Rs 2. 3 billion as compared to Rs 2. 2 billion in the same period last year. Other operating income was however higher by 60. 8%, thus pushing the overall income higher. Pre-tax profit for nine months amounted to Rs 2,594. 1 million as compared to Rs 2,355. million of the corresponding period of previous year showing an increase of 10. 2%. Profit after tax increased to 1,807. 2 million from 1,609. 5 million of the corresponding period of previous year, showing an increase of 12. 28%. EPS was recorded at Rs 49. 37 as compared to Rs 43. 97 the same period last year. A new high-spec tractor model in 50hp range the MF-350, was developed for the small to medium sized farmers. The product was well received and was highly appreciated by the farming community due to its improved features such as power steering, oil immersed disc-brakes, heavy duty straddle axle etc. With the inclusion of this new model, Millat now offers a range of six tractor models that best suit our agro-climatic conditions, size of farms and buying capacities of the farmers. Presently, MTL has the highest deletion level of 90% and 55% in low engine and high engine capacity tractors respectively. The lower deletion level in high engine capacity tractors still makes it susceptible to exchange rate fluctuations. In the wake of appreciation, the company is therefore at a greater advantage and vice versa. Millat Tractors has the potential to export the tractors but is restricted because of the agreement with their principals M/s AGCO. RECENT PERFORMANCE (FY10) Net sales increased by 39. 53% from Rs 15. 91 billion in FY09 to Rs 22. 20 billion in FY10. This was due to the increased production of tractors, which enabled Millat tractors to fulfil the unmet demand for tractors in the market. This was a significant achievement for Millat Tractors, as its major competitor, Al-Ghazi Tractors, did not witness any significant increase in sales due to restricted production capacity. The demand for tractors rose due to government support schemes like the Benazir Tractor Scheme. Cost of sales increased by 36. 03% from Rs 13. 0 billion in FY09 to Rs 18. 37 billion in FY10, due the depreciation of PKR against JPY, USD and GBP over July 2009-June 2010. This, coupled with the rise in steel prices, negatively impacted the margins of auto manufacturers and assemblers who import steel and the required components from Japan or elsewhere. With major imports of CKD kits coming from UK, the gross profit of the company is directly related to the Pound Sterling to Rupee price movement and leaves the company susceptible to changes in exchange rate. This resulted in a net 59. 15% increase in gross profit, from Rs 2. 1 billion in FY09 to Rs 3. 83 billion in FY10. Millat Tractors also managed to boost its fundamentals in the operating expenses category, allowing a minor 5. 71% increase in distribution and administrative expenses. Thus the operating profit increased by a large 79. 04%, from Rs 1. 76 billion in FY09 to Rs 3. 14 billion in FY10. Other operating income greatly increased by 126. 47% mainly due to increase in gain on sales of short-term investments. Other operating expenses increased by 52. 54% due to investment in workers profit participation fund. Thus an 86. 1% increase was recorded in the EBIT from Rs 1. 79 billion in FY09 to Rs 3. 35 billion in FY10. Finance cost decreased by 76. 15% due to settlement of short term borrowing from banks, leading to a marked reduction in finance cost. However, taxation incr eased by 95. 85% due to imposition of 17% Value Added Tax on local tractor sales. Thus the profit after taxation increased by 88. 01%, from Rs 1. 22 billion in FY09 to Rs 2. 28 billion in FY10. A lesser increase was witnessed in the earnings per share, which increased by 50. 40% from Rs 51. 87 per share in FY09 to Rs 78. 01 per share in FY10. Market comparison The demand for tractors increased significantly in the year 2009-10. The industry booked a total of 74,000 units as against 40,836 units booked in the preceding year, thus registering an increase of 81%. Federal and Provincial tractor schemes and better support prices of crops, especially wheat and rice, were the main contributing factors towards increase in demand. However, the governments role as not entirely supportive of the industry as import of tractors was allowed free of taxes or duties while the local industry was subject to tariffs under the Tariff Based System. However, despite these odds, Millat Tractors continued to dominate the market and retained its market share. At present there are two tractor companies in Pakistan, which are involved in manufacturing of indigenized tractors: a local company, Millat Tractors Limited, which produces Massey Ferguson Tractors under franchise from AGCO; and Al-Ghazi Tractors Limited which is an entity of a foreign UAE-based Group Al-Futtaim purchased under privatisation in 1992 and manufacturing Fiat New Holland tractors. Millat Tractors possesses 57% of the market share while the rest 43% is held by Al-Ghazi Tractors. The production capacity of each company is currently 30,000 tractors per annum, although Millat Tractors achieves this capacity in double shifts whereas Al-Ghazi Tractors needs to employ a single shift only, due to its larger plant size. In the past, both the companies had failed to meet the supply against increasing demand and the limited capacity of production resulted into abnormal delay in deliveries to the farmers. Thus in FY10, Millat Tractors adopted the policy of working on overtime schedules, to meet the high demand, resulting in a significant increase in sales and profitability from 29,785 tractors produced in FY09 to 40,177 tractors produced in FY10. The sales statistics in terms of the number of tractors similarly increased from 30,234 to 40,080. However, the major competitor, Al-Ghazi Tractors, did not manage to increase its production, where production marginally from 30,183 units in FY09 to 31,430 units in FY10. The market comparison ratios are based on the financial statements of Millat Tractors and Al-Ghazi Tractors for FY10. The financial year of Millat Tractors ended on 30th June 2010, whereas Al-Ghazi Tractors ended its financial year on 31st December 2010. Hence this market comparison is only indicative as the companies may have been subject to different market conditions over their respective periods under review. The profitability ratios show that Millat Tractors achieved a 17. 27 gross profit margin in FY10, compared to 18. 51 of the industry average. This indicates that Millat Tractors is achieving its profit margins satisfactorily, although its competitor Al-Ghazi Tractors is better able to manage its cost of goods sold. The net profit margin of Millat Tractors is similarly slightly lower at 10. 29 compared to 11. 54 prevalent in the industry. Return on assets for Millat Tractors is also lower at 19. 42, compared to the 22. 16 industry average. This means that Millat Tractors is not fully deploying its assets to generate the maximum amount of sales. However, return on equity is much higher at 54. 49 compared to 42. 5 industry average. This is because Millat Tractors has a much lower proportion of equity in its equity-liabilities structure, and coupled with an impressive profitability performance, this gives rise to a high return on equity. The current ratio of Millat Tractors is lower at 1. 40 compared to 3. 57 for the industry. This is because Al-Ghazi Tractors has much lower amount of trade payables, Rs 1. 24 billion, compared to Rs 7. 48 billion of trade payables on Millat Tractors balance sheet. However, since the current ratio of Millat Tractors is higher than the benchmark of 1. 0, it means that Millat has a sound liquidity position and unlike Al-Ghazi, it does not hold excess current assets on its balance sheet. The inventory turnover of Millat Tractors at 40. 15 days is higher than the industry average of 33. 01 days. This indicates that inventory management at Millat Tractors is poorer, thus requiring more number of days to sell the entire inventory stock on hand. However, this can be expected with Millat Tractors approach of meeting the unmet demand for locally manufactured tractors. The day sales outstanding for Millat Tractors is also higher at 7. 37 days compared to 6. 7 days for the industry, due to the higher trade debts of Rs 454 million fort Millat, compared to Rs 364 million for Al-Ghazi. This implies poorer receivables management at Millat, although the higher receivables are to be antic ipated in line with Millats higher sales. Overall, the operating cycle at Millat was recorded at 47. 52 days, compared to 39. 88 days for the industry. Total asset turnover for Millat Tractors was slightly lower at 1. 89 compared to 1. 92 for the industry, implying that Millat has yet to achieve the high sales turnover in line its investments in assets. However, sales to equity ratio for Millat is 5. 0, higher than the industry average of 3. 83. This is to be noted in connection with the fact that the equity-liabilities breakup of Millat is Rs 4. 19-7. 57 billion whereas Al-Ghazi employs Rs 6. 36-1. 30 billion of equity-liabilities. Thus the lower proportion of equity and high sales at Millat Tractors enables it to enjoy a high sales to equity ratio and this indicates a proper utilization of equity investment to generate the healthy sales turnover. The debt to asset ratio at Millat is higher at 64. 37 compared to 40. 69 for the industry, hence the industry can be deemed to be able t o meet its debt bligations in a better manner, compared to Millat. Similarly, the debt to equity ratio is higher at 1. 81 compared to 1. 01 prevalent in the industry. However, this implies the usage of more leverage at Millat Tractors, which is a positive indicator of being able to generate a high return for investors. Times interest earned for Millat Tractors is consequently lower at 352. 30 compare to 1271. 86 for the industry, due to the employment of Rs 10. 29 billion security deposits borrowing whereas AL-Ghazi does not employ any borrowings. However, Millats long term debt to equity ratio is lower at 0. 3 compared to 0. 51 for the industry, implying that the greater proportion of Millats debt is in the category of current liabilities. In line with its impressive profitability performance in FY10, Millat achieved higher earnings per share of Rs 78. 01 per share compared to Rs 61. 24 for the industry. The positive indicators of profitability performance were accordingly transmit ted to the market, hence the market price for MTL stock averaged at Rs 395. 97 per share in FY10, compared to Rs 306. 30 per share for the industry. The price earnings ratio for Millat was also slightly higher at 5. 08 compared to 4. 8 for the industry, indicating that the strong position as the market leader was greatly reflected in the share price of MTL stock. Millats profits were reflected in the dividend per share, which was recorded at Rs 65. 00 per share compared to Rs 43. 75 per share for the industry. However, the book value per share was lower for Millat Tractors at Rs 143. 16 per share compared to an industry average of Rs 219. 92 per share. This was due to a higher total shareholders equity at Al-Ghazi Tractors of Rs 6. 36 billion compared to only 21,468,200 shares, whereas at Millat the figures were Rs 4. 9 billion of equity with 29,284,400 shares. Stock performance Stock returns of weekly continuously-compounded returns over January-December 2010 shows that the standar d deviation of these stock returns is fairly high at 5. 83%. The future stock returns are expected to vary with a standard deviation of 5. 83%: this is to be expected from MTLs high capital gain and healthy dividend payout stock. In addition, the stock price has consistently exhibited an increasing trend throughout FY10, which reemphasizes the strong position of Millat Tractors in the tractor industry. Beta analysis of the company stock over Jul09-Jun10 shows that the beta of Millat Tractors is relatively low at 0. 45, as given by the slope of the trend line. This indicates that the stock is not highly reflective of KSE-100 performance. However, this means that the market factors influencing KSE-100 do not greatly impact Millat Tractors and the company is well poised to outperform the market, in line with its strong fundamentals and secure positioning in the tractor industry. Financial analysis (FY04-10) The profitability ratios of Millat Tractors improved significantly over FY09-10. The gross profit margin improved from 15. 4 in FY09 to 17. 27 in FY10 due to the well-managed cost of goods sold, even in the scenario of depreciating PKR and rising steel prices. The net profit margin increased by a larger amount, from 7. 64 in FY09 to 10. 29 in FY10 since the operating expenses were only allowed a 5. 71%, thus preserving the gross profits of the company. Return on assets increased fr om 17. 91 in FY09 to 19. 42 in FY10 on the back of an 88. 01% increase in profit after taxation, compared to a 73. 47% increase in total assets. The increase in assets was driven by an 86. 73% increase in current assets resulting from a 19. 0% increase in stock in trade, 257. 26% increase in trade debts and a 250. 83% increase in short-term investments. Return on equity increased from 36. 05 in FY09 to 54. 49 in FY10 due to the 88. 01 increase in net income, compared to a 24. 37% increase in total equity. The increase in equity resulted from a 57. 70% enhancement in unappropriated profit, pointing to the strengthening bottom-line of the company. The current ratio decreased from 1. 69 in FY09 to 1. 40 in FY10. This was the consequence of an 86. 73% increase in current assets as mentioned above, compared to a 124. 83% increase in current liabilities. Current liabilities mainly increased due to a 139. 60% increase in trade payables. The increase in current assets and current liabilities was the result of higher working capital requirements at Millat Tractors, in order to sustain the 39. 53% increase in sales over FY09-10. Asset management ratios analysis indicates that inventory turnover decreased from 48. 74 days in FY09 to 40. 15 days in FY10 due to 19. 20% increase in stock in trade. Thus the improved bottom-line performance at Millat Tractors was driven by an increase in sales augmented by improved inventory management, as a result of the implementation of IFS software. However, the day sales outstanding increased from 2. 88 days in FY09 to 7. 37 days in FY10 due to the increase of 257. 26% in trade debts. This points to deteriorating receivables management at the company which resulted in more number of days being required to recover trade debts. Overall, the operating cycle decreased from 51. 62 days in FY09 to 47. 52 days in FY09. Total asset turnover decreased from 2. 35 in FY09 to 1. 89 in FY10, indicating that Millat Tractors has yet to generate a sufficiently high sales turnover to justify the 73. 47% increase in the value of total assets portfolio over FY09-FY10. However, the sales to equity ratio improved from 4. 72 in FY09 to 5. 30 in FY10 due to the lesser 24. 37% increase in total equity compared to 73. 47% increase in total assets. Debt to assets increased from 50. 30 in FY09 to 64. 37 in FY10 as a result of the 121. 97% increase in total liabilities compared to 73. 47% increase in total assets. This implies decreasing ability of Millat Tractors to meet its debt obligations, which are mainly in the category of trade payables; trade payables increased by 139. 60% over FY09-10. Similarly, the debt to equity ratio increased by a lesser amount, from 1. 1 in FY09 to 1. 81 in FY10, because the increase in equity was lesser at 24. 37%. While this bodes negative for Millat Tractors, it also indicates that the company is employing a greater amount of leverage in its working capital requirements, which is likely to enhance sales of the company and ultimately generate higher return for investors. In addition, long-term debt to equity decreased from 1. 53 in FY09 to 0. 43 in FY10, since a 65. 17% decrease was recorded in long-term liabilities. This was mainly due to settlement of deferred revenue and decrease in deferred tax liability. However, the times interest earned increased significantly from 44. 09 in FY09 to 352. 30 in FY10 due to the 86. 71% increase in EBIT coupled with the 76. 15% decrease in finance cost. Finance cost decreased due to the settlement of short-term borrowings since the mark-up accrued on short-term borrowings in the current liabilities category also decreased by 42. 87% over FY09-10. The earnings per share of Millat Tractors increased from Rs 51. 87 per share in FY09 to Rs 78. 01 per share in FY10 on the back of high profitability achieved in FY10. The market price per share also exhibited a strong growth from Rs 227. 0 per share in FY09 to Rs 395. 97 per share in FY10. The growth in profits was shared with the stockholders, by increase in cash dividends per share from Rs 45. 00 per share in FY09 to Rs 65. 00 per share in FY10. Thus MTL stock proved to a high capital gains as well as a high dividend payout stock. Thus the price earnings ratio increased from 4. 38 in FY09 to 5. 08 in FY10, as the healthy performance of the company based on strong fundamentals, was reflected in investors perceptions and the market price of the company. However, the book value per share remained almost constant from Rs 143. 88 per share in FY09 to Rs 143. 6 per share in FY10. This was because the increase in total shareholders equity was 24. 37% compared to a 25% increase in total number of outstanding shares over FY09-10. Future outlook Today, Millat Tractors Limited is the leading company that specializes in the manufacturing of tractors, diesel engines, Forklift Trucks, and a range of other agricultural equipments. Presently the market share of MTL hovers around 57% in terms of sales. With a present production capacity of 30,000 tractors, the company plans to expand it to 40,000 in the years to come. Capacity utilization, however, exceeds 150%. Machining capacity of major components is being bolstered along with Double Shift operation to come at par with the ever-growing demand. High price of oil in the international market is creating inflationary pressure in the economy. As a result, the cost of borrowing has become higher than the preceding years. This coupled with worldwide shortage of steel is gradually rendering the company inefficient in terms of manufacturing cost. Furthermore, the GoP has regulated the prices of tractors. This coupled with lower deletion level for new entrant is creating an uneven playing field. However, the proposal to allow local assemblers to increase the price of agricultural tractors is under consideration. This will provide a breather to the company and will consequently augment the company revenue. Worst energy crisis prevailing in the country and lack of skilled manpower are the major risks which are being addressed through standby energy arrangements and in-house training of workforce. The recent natural catastrophe in the form of floods has worsened the conditions and has posed new challenges of rebuilding the infrastructure and rehabilitation of farming community. Development of new products through innovation and diversification remain in focus for continued growth and progress. Millat has made investments in new machining lines for cylinder block and engine head to maintain high quality standards. In addition, implementation of the IFS software means that the procedural automation and visibility brought by IFS would enable Millat to achieve greater production efficiency in future. The support of the government to the agriculture sector in terms of support prices to the local farmers provides greater opportunities for MTL. This enhanced income available to the farmers will not only enable them to buy agricultural inputs, but also educate themselves to modern agricultural practices to improve productivity, which is low compared to international standards. The government policy to encourage corporate farming will also create a demand for the companys products, which could also include higher horse power range of tractors and implements. COURTESY: Economics and Finance Department, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, prepared this analytical report for Business Recorder. DISCLAIMER: No reliance should be placed on the [above information] by any one for making any financial, investment and business decision. The [above information] is general in nature and has not been prepared for any specific decision making process. [The newspaper] has not independently verified all of the [above information] and has relied on sources that have been deemed reliable in the past. Accordingly, the newspaper or any its staff or sources of information do not bear any liability or responsibility of any consequences for decisions or actions based on the [above information].

Free Essays on Sabriel

Sabriel by Garth Nix Published by Harper Collins „ ¶ 1995 Sabriel is a story of heroic romance and a bond between father and daughter. Sabriel is of about 491 pages long. Sabriel was born in The Old Kingdom, her father was Abhorsen. She grew up in Ancelstierre at Wyverly College, while her father, who still lived in The Old Kingdom, came to visit her twice a year. This autumn he never came all day. Late in the night a friend of Sabriels came running through the door of her room. There was a disturbance behind a tower door and Sabriel got there quickly. It was a creature, but he was in death. Sabriel went into the realm of death to find the creature. The creature was holding a sack, she heard her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s voice  ¡Ã‚ §take the sack ¡Ã‚ ¨ so she grabbed it out of the creature ¡Ã‚ ¦s hands and returned to life. In the sack she found her fathers sword and charter bells. She left Wyverly College to go The Old Kingdom and find out why her father was dead, and bring him back to life. Sabriel crossed the wall to go to The Old Kingdom. She made it to her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s house but he was not there. She found a cat there he addressed himself as Mogget. Mogget told Sabriel that her father had gone to Belisaere and that they (Mogget and Sabriel) could fly the Paperwing not to far from the house. When they got to the Paperwing Sabriel cast a spell and the engine less aircraft took off. Sabriel remembered that she had to land the aircraft before the sun set, or the Paperwing would crash. Just as she started to land the sun set and her landing was uncontrollable but she safely hit the ground but she skidded all the way into a hole about four hundred feet deep. She woke up injured and Mogget had al ready found a tunnel. They followed the tunnel until it ended in another hole two hundred feet deeper but it had a spring. There were lots of ships there all of them standing there. One ship had a perfect carving of a figurehead so life like. Sabriel saw that... Free Essays on Sabriel Free Essays on Sabriel Sabriel by Garth Nix Published by Harper Collins „ ¶ 1995 Sabriel is a story of heroic romance and a bond between father and daughter. Sabriel is of about 491 pages long. Sabriel was born in The Old Kingdom, her father was Abhorsen. She grew up in Ancelstierre at Wyverly College, while her father, who still lived in The Old Kingdom, came to visit her twice a year. This autumn he never came all day. Late in the night a friend of Sabriels came running through the door of her room. There was a disturbance behind a tower door and Sabriel got there quickly. It was a creature, but he was in death. Sabriel went into the realm of death to find the creature. The creature was holding a sack, she heard her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s voice  ¡Ã‚ §take the sack ¡Ã‚ ¨ so she grabbed it out of the creature ¡Ã‚ ¦s hands and returned to life. In the sack she found her fathers sword and charter bells. She left Wyverly College to go The Old Kingdom and find out why her father was dead, and bring him back to life. Sabriel crossed the wall to go to The Old Kingdom. She made it to her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s house but he was not there. She found a cat there he addressed himself as Mogget. Mogget told Sabriel that her father had gone to Belisaere and that they (Mogget and Sabriel) could fly the Paperwing not to far from the house. When they got to the Paperwing Sabriel cast a spell and the engine less aircraft took off. Sabriel remembered that she had to land the aircraft before the sun set, or the Paperwing would crash. Just as she started to land the sun set and her landing was uncontrollable but she safely hit the ground but she skidded all the way into a hole about four hundred feet deep. She woke up injured and Mogget had al ready found a tunnel. They followed the tunnel until it ended in another hole two hundred feet deeper but it had a spring. There were lots of ships there all of them standing there. One ship had a perfect carving of a figurehead so life like. Sabriel saw that...

The Script Writing of Ancient China

The Script Writing of Ancient China Ancient China is one of the places where writing appears to have developed independently, along with Mesopotamia, which developed cuneiform, and Egypt and the civilization of the Maya, where hieroglyphs developed. The earliest examples of ancient Chinese writing come from oracle bones at Anyang, a Shang Dynasty capital, and contemporary bronze inscriptions. There may have been writing on bamboo or other perishable surfaces, but they have, inevitably, disappeared. Although Christopher I. Beckwith thinks the Chinese may have been exposed to the idea of writing from Steppe nomads, the prevalent belief is that China developed writing on its own. Since the oracle bones belonging to the Shang dynasty were discovered, it is no longer doubted by sinologists that Chinese writing is an autochthonous and very ancient invention of the Chinese....The Use of Writing in Ancient China, by Edward Erkes. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Sep., 1941), pp. 127-130 Origins of Chinese Writing The Cambridge History of Ancient China, by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, says the likely date for the earliest oracle bones is about 1200 B.C., corresponding with the reign of King Wu Ding. This speculation is based on the earliest reference to the origins of writing, which dates to the 3rd century B.C. The legend developed that a scribe of the Yellow Emperor invented writing after noticing bird tracks. [Source: Francoise Bottero, French National Center for Scientific Research Chinese Writing: Ancient Indigenous Perspective.] Scholars in the Han Dynasty thought the earliest Chinese writing was pictographic, meaning the characters are stylized representations, while the Qing thought the first writing was of numbers. Today, the earliest Chinese writing is described as pictographic (picture) or zodiographic (graph of the name of the thing), words that for non-linguists mean similar things. As the writing of the ancient Chinese evolved, a phonetic component was added to the pi ctographic, as is true of the paired writing system of the Maya. Names of the Chinese Writing Systems Ancient Chinese writing on oracle bones is called Jiaguwen, according to AncientScripts, which describes the characters as pictographic. Dazhuan is the name of the script on Bronze. It may be the same as the Jiaguwen. By 500 B.C. the angular script that characterizes modern Chinese writing had developed in the form called Xiaozhuan. Bureaucrats of the Qin Dynasty used Lishu, a script still sometimes used. Pictographs and the Rebus During the Shang Dynasty, the writing, which was pictographic, could use the same graphic to represent homophones (words with different meanings that sound the same). Writing could be in the form of what is called a rebus. The rebus example AncientSites lists is two pictures together, one of a bee, and one of a leaf, to represent the word belief. Over time, signs known as determinative symbols were added to clarify the homophones, phonetic symbols were standardized, and symbols were put together to form new words. Chinese and the Sino-Tibetan Language Family Writing and spoken language are different. Period. The cuneiform of Mesopotamia was used to write a variety of languages, including languages from the Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic families. As the Chinese conquered their neighbors, their writing was exported to neighboring countries where it was applied to the indigenous languages. This is how the Japanese came to use Kanji. The spoken language of Chinese is thought to be a member of the Sino-Tibetan language family. This connection between Chinese and Tibetan languages is made on the basis of lexical items, rather than morphology or syntax. However, the similar words are only reconstructions of Old and Middle Chinese. Ancient Chinese Writing Implements According to Erkes (above), the usual objects used in writing were a wooden stylus, to write on wood with lacquer, and the brush and ink (or some other liquid) used to write on oracle bones and other surfaces. Inscriptions also produced Chinese scripts by means of tools that removed rather than wrote on surface material. Suggested Appreciation Activities for Chinese Writing Ancient writings seem so much more artistic than modern computer-generated script or the scrawls most of us now use when we need to leave a handwritten note. To appreciate the elegance of the ancient Chinese writing system, observe and try to emulate it: Try writing letters with a brush and ink.Compare the characters in a column of Chinese writing with Japanese Kanji preferably for the same text (possibly something connected with their shared religion of Buddhism)Look at old Chinese characters and rewrite them, then copy them without the determinatives. (The AncientScripts site has samples to work from.)